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For centuries, Cochin
was the battleground of European powers for the mastery of the lucrative
trade of the Indian west coast. The fortunes of political powers in
Cochin were dictated by pepper. The Portuguese were the first to come
in. Two years later, the adventurous mariner, the legendary Vasco da
Gama himself landed in Cochin. The Portuguese erected a fort for the
protection of their factory. Fort Manuel, or Manuel Kotta, named after
the King of Portugal, was the first fortress constructed by the
Europeans in India.
To the Portuguese must
go the credit for the extensive scientific cultivation of coconut,
ginger, and pepper, backbone of Kerala’s economy today. Tobacco, cashew
nut, and fruit cultivation were also introduced. The pineapple, for
instance, is still called prithichakka in Malayalam, meaning Portuguese
jackfruit. They were also responsible for today’s burgeoning trade in
coir.
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COCHIN (Kochi)
Undoubtedly the commercial hub of Kerala, the
city of Cochin is where ancient civilization gracefully mingles with
modern life. Right from the early years, Cochin has had cultural and
trade relations with the outside world. She had also experienced
pulsating episodes of European colonial rivalry.
An interesting point to note is that Cochin
is probably the only city in India formed from parts of three
different states, viz. the two princely states of Travancore and
Cochin, and the British Malabar.
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Air Transport
Reaching to Kerala is not a difficult thing.
Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital, is connected to most
of the major airports in India, including Delhi, Mumbai,
Chennai, and Bangalore. As the Thiruvananthapuram is an
international airport, there are considerable connections to
gulf countries also from this airport. Kochi and Calicut are
other two airports connected from air to other cities in
India.
Rail Transport
Rails are another good way of moving inside and from the
outside Kerala. There are around 200 railway stations in
Kerala connecting most of the places in the state to places
in the other parts of the country and inside the state.
Long-distance express trains connect important places in
Kerala to places outside the state like Mumbai, New Delhi,
Chennai, and Kolkata.
Road Transport
Roads in Kerala are in much better shape than other states
in India. Major modes of road transport are buses, tourist
taxis, cars, and local taxis and autos. State is connected
with other parts of South India by a number of National
Highways. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh are some
of the neighboring states that are easily connected to
Kerala through roads.
Water Transport
From Cochin (Kochi), there are regular ships venturing
towards the Lakshadweep Islands. Inside, backwaters of
Kerala act not only as a popular transportation medium but
are tourist attractions in themselves. These internal water
navigation systems are today the single most popular travel
product of Kerala.
Cochin
City Map (click on thumbnail to
enlarge) |
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